CIA - The World Factbook -- Field Listing - Military service age and obligation

Field Listing - Military service age and obligation

Country	Military service age and obligation (years of age)
Afghanistan	22 years of age; inductees are contracted into service for a 4-year term (2005)
Albania	19 years of age (2004)
Algeria	19-30 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 18 months (6 months basic training, 12 months civil projects) (2006)
Angola	17 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - two years plus time for training (2001)
Antigua and Barbuda	18 years of age (est.); no conscript military service (2001)
Argentina	18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2001)
Armenia	18 to 27 years of age for compulsory military service, conscript service obligation - 12 months; 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2004)
Australia	16 years of age for voluntary service; women allowed to serve in Army combat units in non-combat support roles (2001)
Austria	18 years of age for compulsory military service; 16 years of age for voluntary service; from 2007, at the earliest, compulsory military service obligation will be reduced from eight months to six (2005)
Azerbaijan	men between 18 and 35 are liable for military service; 18 years of age for voluntary military service; length of military service is 18 months and 12 months for university graduates (2006)
Bahamas, The	18 years of age (est.); no conscription (2001)
Bahrain	18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
Bangladesh	18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2005)
Barbados	18 years of age for voluntary military service; volunteers at earlier age with parental consent; no conscription (2001)
Belarus	18-27 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 18 months (2005)
Belgium	16 years of age for voluntary military service; women comprise approx. 7% of the Belgian armed forces (2001)
Belize	18 years of age for voluntary military service; laws allow for conscription only if volunteers are insufficient; conscription has never been implemented; volunteers typically outnumber available positions by 3:1 (2001)
Benin	21 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; in practice, volunteers may be taken at the age of 18; both sexes are eligible for military service; conscript tour of duty - 18 months (2004)
Bhutan	18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2001)
Bolivia	18 years of age for voluntary military service; when annual number of volunteers falls short of goal, compulsory recruitment is effected, including conscription of boys as young as 14; one estimate holds that 40% of the armed forces are under the age of 18, with 50% of those under the age of 16; conscript tour of duty - 12 months (2002)
Bosnia and Herzegovina	18 years of age for compulsory military service in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina; 16 years of age in times of war; 18 years of age for Republika Srpska; 17 years of age for voluntary military service in the Federation and in the Republika Srpska; by law, military obligations cover all healthy men between the ages of 18 and 60, and all women between the ages of 18 and 55; service obligation is four months (July 2004)
Botswana	18 is the apparent age of voluntary military service; the official qualifications for determining minimum age are unknown (2001)
Brazil	21-45 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - nine to 12 months; 17-45 years of age for voluntary service; an increasing percentage of the ranks are "long-service" volunteer professionals; women were allowed to serve in the armed forces beginning in early 1980s when the Brazilian Army became the first army in South America to accept women into career ranks; women serve in Navy and Air Force only in Women's Reserve Corps (2001)
Brunei	18 years of age (est.) (2004)
Bulgaria	18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 9 months; as of May 2006, 67% of the Bulgarian Army comprised of professional soldiers; conscription into the Army to end as of 1 January 2008; Air and Air Defense Forces and Naval Forces will become fully professional by end of 2006 (2006)
Burkina Faso	18 years of age for compulsory military service; 20 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
Burma	18 years of age for voluntary military service for both sexes (2004)
Burundi	16 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service (2001)
Cambodia	conscription law made effective in October 2006 requires all males between 18-30 to register for military service; service obligation is 18 months (2006)
Cameroon	18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (1999)
Canada	16 years of age for voluntary military service; women comprise approximately 11% of Canada's armed forces (2001)
Central African Republic	18 years of age for voluntary and compulsory military service; conscript service obligation is two years (2005)
Chad	20 years of age for conscripts, with three-year service obligation; 18 years of age for volunteers; no minimum age restriction for volunteers with consent from a guardian; women are subject to one year of compulsory military or civic service at age of 21 (2004)
Chile	all male citizens 18-45 are obligated to perform military service; conscript service obligation - 12 months for Army, 24 months for Navy and Air Force (2004)
China	18-22 years of age for compulsory military service, with 24-month service obligation; no minimum age for voluntary service (all officers are volunteers); 18-22 years of age for women who meet requirements for specific military jobs (2006)
Colombia	18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 24 months (2004)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	18-45 years of age for military service
Congo, Republic of the	18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
Costa Rica	18 years of age (2004)
Cote d'Ivoire	18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 18 months (2004)
Croatia	18 years of age for compulsory military service, with six-month service obligation; 16 years of age with consent for voluntary service (December 2004)
Cuba	17 years of age; both sexes are eligible for military service (2004)
Cyprus	18 years of age (2004)
Czech Republic	18-50 years of age for voluntary military service; on-going transformation of military service into a fully professional, all-volunteer force no longer dependent on conscription began in January 2004 and is scheduled to be completed by 2007 (2005)
Denmark	18 years of age for compulsory and volunteer military service; conscripts serve an initial training period that varies from four to 12 months according to specialization; reservists are assigned to mobilization units following completion of their conscript service; women eligible to volunteer for military service (2004)
Djibouti	18 years of age (est.); no conscription (2001)
Dominican Republic	18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
East Timor	18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
Ecuador	20 years of age for conscript military service; 12-month service obligation (2004)
Egypt	18 years of age for conscript military service; three-year service obligation (2001)
El Salvador	18 years of age for compulsory military service, with 12-month service obligation; 16 years of age for volunteers (2002)
Equatorial Guinea	18 years of age (est.) (2004)
Eritrea	18 years of age for voluntary and compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 16 months (2004)
Estonia	compulsory military service for men between 19 and 28; conscription lasts 11 months for junior NCOs and reserve platoon leaders; reserve officers and designated specialists have a different conscript service obligation; Estonia has committed to retaining conscription for men up to 2010 and, unlike Latvia and Lithuania, has no plan to transition to a contract armed forces; 17 years of age for volunteers; reserve commitment up to the age of 60 (2006)
Ethiopia	18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service (2001)
Fiji	18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
Finland	18 years of age for voluntary and compulsory military service (October 2004)
France	17 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription ended in the 1990s; women serve in non-combat military posts (2001)
Gabon	18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service (2001)
Gambia, The	18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2001)
Georgia	18 to 34 years of age for compulsory and voluntary active duty military service; conscript service obligation - 18 months (2005)
Germany	18 years of age (conscripts serve a nine-month tour of compulsory military service) (2004)
Ghana	18 years of age for compulsory and volunteer military service (2001)
Greece	18 years of age for compulsory military service; during wartime the law allows for recruitment beginning January of the year of inductee's 18th birthday, thus including 17 year olds; 17 years of age for volunteers; conscript service obligation - 12 months for the Army, Air Force; 15 months for Navy; women are eligible for military service (2005)
Guatemala	all male citizens between the ages of 18 and 50 are liable for military service; conscript service obligation varies from 12 to 24 months (2005)
Guinea	18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 24 months (2004)
Guinea-Bissau	18 years of age for compulsory military service (2001)
Haiti	18 years of age for voluntary recruitment into the police force (2001)
Honduras	18 years of age for voluntary two-three year military service (2004)
Hong Kong	18 years of age (2004)
Hungary	18 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in June 2004 (2004)
India	16 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
Indonesia	18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - two years (2002)
Iran	18 years of age for compulsory military service; 16 years of age for volunteers; soldiers as young as 9 were recruited extensively during the Iran-Iraq War; conscript service obligation - 18 months (2004)
Iraq	all volunteer force; the Iraqi Government is creating a new professional Iraqi military force of men aged 18 to 40 to defend Iraq from external threats and the current insurgency (2006)
Ireland	17 years of age for voluntary military service; enlistees under the age of 17 can be recruited for specialist positions (2001)
Israel	17 years of age for compulsory (Jews, Druzes) and voluntary (Christians, Muslims, Circassians) military service; both sexes are eligible for military service; conscript service obligation - 36 months for men, 21 months for women (2004)
Italy	voluntary military service; conscription abolished January 2005 (2006)
Jamaica	18 years of age for voluntary military service; younger recruits may be conscripted with parental consent (2001)
Japan	18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
Jordan	17 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription at age 18 was suspended in 1999, although all males under age 37 are required to register; women not subject to conscription, but can volunteer to serve in non-combat military positions (2004)
Kazakhstan	18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - two years; minimum age for volunteers NA (2004)
Kenya	18 years of age (est.) (2004)
Korea, North	17 years of age (2004)
Korea, South	20-30 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 24-28 months, depending on the military branch involved; 18 years of age for voluntary military service; some 4,000 women serve as commissioned and noncommissioned officers, approx. 2.3% of all officers; women, in service since 1950, are admitted to seven service branches, including infantry, but excluded from artillery, armor, anti-air, and chaplaincy corps (2005)
Kuwait	18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; 1 month annual training to age 40; women have served in police forces since 1999 (2001)
Kyrgyzstan	18 years of age for compulsory military service (2001)
Laos	15 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - minimum 18 months (2004)
Latvia	19 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 12 months; 18 years of age for volunteers; plans are to phase out conscription, tentatively moving to an all-professional force by 2007; under current law, every citizen is entitled to serve in the armed forces for life (2004)
Lebanon	18-30 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 12 months (2004)
Lesotho	18 years of age (est.); no conscription (2001)
Liberia	18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2001)
Libya	17 years of age (2004)
Lithuania	19-45 years of age for compulsory military service, conscript service obligation - 12 months; 18 years of age for volunteers (2004)
Luxembourg	a 1967 law made the Army an all-volunteer force; 17 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers under 18 are not deployed into combat or with peacekeeping missions (2004)
Macedonia	conscription to be phased out by 2007; current tour of conscript duty is six months; 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2005)
Madagascar	18-50 years of age; conscript service obligation - 18 months (either military or equivalent civil service) (2004)
Malawi	18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2001)
Malaysia	18 years of age for voluntary military service (2005)
Maldives	18 years of age (est.) (2004)
Mali	18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - two years (2004)
Malta	18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2001)
Mauritania	18 years of age (est.); conscript service obligation - two years; majority of servicemen believed to be volunteers; service in Air Force and Navy is voluntary (April 2005)
Mexico	18 years of age for compulsory military service, conscript service obligation - 12 months; 16 years of age with consent for voluntary enlistment (2004)
Moldova	18 years of age for compulsory military service; national service obligation - 12 months (2004)
Mongolia	18-25 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 12 months in land or air defense forces or police; a small portion of Mongolian land forces (2.5 percent) is comprised of contract soldiers; women cannot be deployed overseas for military operations (2006)
Montenegro	compulsory national military service abolished August 2006
Morocco	18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 18 months (2004)
Namibia	18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
Nepal	18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
Netherlands	20 years of age for an all-volunteer force (2004)
Netherlands Antilles	16 years of age for National Guard recruitment; no conscription (2004)
New Zealand	17 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed until the age of 18 (2001)
Nicaragua	17 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
Niger	18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - two years (2004)
Nigeria	18 years of age for voluntary military service (2006)
Norway	18 years of age for compulsory military service; 16 years of age in wartime; 17 years of age for male volunteers; 18 years of age for women; 16 years of age for volunteers to the Home Guard; conscript service obligation - 12 months (2004)
Oman	18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
Pakistan	16 years of age for voluntary military service; soldiers cannot be deployed for combat until age of 18; the Pakistani Air Force and Pakistani Navy have inducted their first female pilots and sailors (2006)
Papua New Guinea	18 years of age (est.); no conscription (2001)
Paraguay	18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 12 months for Army, 24 months for Navy (2004)
Peru	18 years of age for compulsory military service (1999)
Philippines	18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service (2001)
Poland	17 years of age for compulsory military service after January 1st of the year of 18th birthday; 17 years of age for voluntary military service; in 2005, Poland plans to shorten the length of conscript service obligation from 12 to 9 months; by 2008, plans call for at least 60% of military personnel to be volunteers; only soldiers who have completed their conscript service are allowed to volunteer for professional service; as of April 2004, women are only allowed to serve as officers and noncommissioned officers (2004)
Portugal	18 years of age for voluntary military service; compulsory military service was ended in 2004; women serve in the armed forces, on naval ships since 1993, but are prohibited from serving in some combatant specialties (2005)
Qatar	18 years of age for voluntary military service; land forces enlisted personnel are largely unprofessional foreign nationals (2005)
Romania	all military inductees (including women) are volunteers who contract for an initial five-year term of service; subsequent voluntary service contracts are for successive three-year terms until the age of 36; minimum age for voluntary military service is 18 (2006)
Russia	Russia has adopted a mixed conscript-contract force; 18-27 years of age; males are registered for the draft at 17 years of age; length of compulsory military service is two years; plans call for reduction in mandatory service to 18 months in 2007 and to one year by 2008; 30% of Russian army personnel were contract servicemen at the end of 2005; planning calls for volunteer servicemen to compose 70% of armed forces by 2010, with the remaining servicemen consisting of conscripts; as of November 2006, the Armed Forces had more than 60 units manned with contract personnel totalling over 78,000 contract privates and sergeants; 88 Ministry of Defense units have been designated as permanent readiness units and are expected to become all-volunteer by end 2007; these include most air force, naval, and nuclear arms units, as well as all airborne and naval infantry units, most motorized rifle brigades, and all special forces detachments (2006)
Rwanda	16 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2001)
Saint Kitts and Nevis	18 years of age (est.) (2004)
Sao Tome and Principe	18 years of age (est.) (2004)
Saudi Arabia	18 years of age (est.); no conscription (2004)
Senegal	18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - two years (2004)
Serbia	peacetime service obligation begins at age 17 and lasts until age 60 for men and 50 for women; under a state of war or impending war, the obligation can begin at age 16 and be extended beyond 60 (2006)
Seychelles	18 years of age (est.); no conscription (2001)
Sierra Leone	18 years of age (est.); no conscription (2001)
Singapore	18 years of age for compulsory military service; 16 years of age for volunteers; conscript service obligation reduced to 24 months beginning December 2004 (2004)
Slovakia	complete transition to an all-volunteer professional force went into effect at the beginning of 2006 after 140 years of mandatory army service; volunteers include women, with minimum age of 17 years (2005)
Slovenia	17 years of age for voluntary military service; conscription abolished in 2003 (2004)
Somalia	18 years of age (est.) (2001)
South Africa	18 years of age for voluntary military service; women have a long history of military service in noncombat roles, dating back to World War I (2004)
Spain	20 years of age (2004)
Sri Lanka	18 years of age for voluntary military service (2001)
Sudan	18-30 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - three years (August 2004)
Suriname	18 years of age (est.); no conscription
Swaziland	18-30 years of age for voluntary military service; both sexes are eligible for military service (2005)
Sweden	19 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 7-17 months depending on conscript role; after completing initial service, soldiers have a reserve commitment until age of 47 (2004)
Switzerland	the Swiss Constitution states that "every Swiss male is obliged to do military service"; every Swiss male has to serve for at least 260 days in the armed forces; 19 years of age for compulsory military service; 17 years of age for voluntary military service; conscripts receive 15 weeks of compulsory training, followed by 10 intermittent recalls for training over the next 22 years; women are accepted on a voluntary basis but are not drafted (2005)
Syria	18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 30 months (18 months in the Syrian Arab Navy); women are not conscripted but may volunteer to serve (2004)
Taiwan	19-35 years of age for military service; service obligation 16 months (to be shortened to 12 months in 2008); women in Air Force service are restricted to noncombat roles (2005)
Tajikistan	18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - two years (2004)
Tanzania	15 years of age for voluntary military service; 18 years of age for compulsory military service upon graduation from secondary school; conscript service obligation - two years (2004)
Thailand	21 years of age for compulsory military service; males are registered at 18 years of age; conscript service obligation - two years; 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2004)
Togo	18 years of age for voluntary and compulsory military service (2001)
Tonga	18 years of age (est.) (2004)
Trinidad and Tobago	18 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2001)
Tunisia	20 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 12 months; 18 years of age for voluntary military service (2004)
Turkey	20 years of age (2004)
Turkmenistan	18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - two years (2004)
Uganda	18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military duty; the government has stated that recruitment below that age could occur with proper consent and that "no person under the apparent age of 13 years shall be enrolled in the armed forces"
Ukraine	18-25 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 18 months for Army and Air Force, 24 months for Navy (2004)
United Arab Emirates	18 years of age (est.); no conscription (2001)
United Kingdom	16 years of age for voluntary military service; women serve in military services, but are excluded from ground combat positions and some naval postings (2004)
United States	18 years of age; 17 years of age with written parental consent (2006)
Uruguay	18 years of age for voluntary and compulsory military service (2001)
Uzbekistan	18 years of age for compulsory military service; conscript service obligation - 12 months (2004)
Venezuela	18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscript service obligation - 30 months (2004)
Vietnam	18 years of age (male) for compulsory military service; females may volunteer for active duty military service; conscript service obligation - 2 years (3-4 years in the navy); 18-45 years of age (male) or 18-40 years of age (female) for Militia Force or Self Defense Forces (2006)
Yemen	in May 2001, Yemen's National Defense Council abolished compulsory military service and authorized a voluntary program for military service (2004)
Zambia	18 years of age (est.) (2004)
Zimbabwe	18 years of age (est.) (2004)

This page was last updated on 15 March, 2007