Legend:
 Definition
 Field Listing
 Rank Order
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Background:
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Settled by both Britain and France during the first half of the 19th century, the island was made a French possession in 1853. It served as a penal colony for four decades after 1864. Agitation for independence during the 1980s and early 1990s ended in the 1998 Noumea Accord, which over a period of 15 to 20 years will transfer an increasing amount of governing responsibility from France to New Caledonia. The agreement also commits France to conduct as many as three referenda between 2013 and 2018, to decide whether New Caledonia should assume full sovereignty and independence.
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Location:
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Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia
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Geographic coordinates:
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21 30 S, 165 30 E
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Map references:
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Oceania
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Area:
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total: 19,060 sq km
land: 18,575 sq km
water: 485 sq km
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Area - comparative:
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slightly smaller than New Jersey
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Land boundaries:
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0 km
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Coastline:
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2,254 km
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Maritime claims:
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territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
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Climate:
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tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid
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Terrain:
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coastal plains with interior mountains
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Elevation extremes:
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lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Mont Panie 1,628 m
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Natural resources:
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nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper
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Land use:
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arable land: 0.32%
permanent crops: 0.22%
other: 99.46% (2005)
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Irrigated land:
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100 sq km (2003)
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Natural hazards:
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cyclones, most frequent from November to March
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Environment - current issues:
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erosion caused by mining exploitation and forest fires
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Geography - note:
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consists of the main island of New Caledonia (one of the largest in the Pacific Ocean), the archipelago of Iles Loyaute, and numerous small, sparsely populated islands and atolls
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Population:
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219,246 (July 2006 est.)
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Age structure:
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0-14 years: 28.4% (male 31,818/female 30,503)
15-64 years: 64.9% (male 71,565/female 70,815)
65 years and over: 6.6% (male 6,773/female 7,772) (2006 est.)
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Median age:
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total: 27.8 years
male: 27.4 years
female: 28.2 years (2006 est.)
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Population growth rate:
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1.24% (2006 est.)
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Birth rate:
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18.11 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
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Death rate:
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5.69 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
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Net migration rate:
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0 migrant(s)/1,000 population
note: there has been steady emigration from Wallis and Futuna to New Caledonia (2006 est.)
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Sex ratio:
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at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
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Infant mortality rate:
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total: 7.57 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 8.27 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 6.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
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Life expectancy at birth:
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total population: 74.27 years
male: 71.29 years
female: 77.39 years (2006 est.)
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Total fertility rate:
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2.28 children born/woman (2006 est.)
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HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
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NA
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HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
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NA
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HIV/AIDS - deaths:
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NA
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Nationality:
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noun: New Caledonian(s)
adjective: New Caledonian
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Ethnic groups:
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Melanesian 42.5%, European 37.1%, Wallisian 8.4%, Polynesian 3.8%, Indonesian 3.6%, Vietnamese 1.6%, other 3%
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Religions:
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Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10%
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Languages:
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French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects
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Literacy:
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definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 91%
male: 92%
female: 90% (1976 est.)
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Country name:
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conventional long form: Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies
conventional short form: New Caledonia
local long form: Territoire des Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances
local short form: Nouvelle-Caledonie
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Dependency status:
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territorial collectivity of France since 1998
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Government type:
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NA
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Capital:
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name: Noumea
geographic coordinates: 22 16 S, 166 27 E
time difference: UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
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Administrative divisions:
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none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 provinces named Province des Iles, Province Nord, and Province Sud
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Independence:
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none (overseas territory of France); note - a referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass; a new referendum is scheduled for 2014
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National holiday:
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Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
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Constitution:
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4 October 1958 (French Constitution)
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Legal system:
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the 1988 Matignon Accords grant substantial autonomy to the islands; formerly under French law
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Suffrage:
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18 years of age; universal
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Executive branch:
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chief of state: President of France Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995); represented by High Commissioner Michel MATHIEU (since 15 July 2005)
head of government: President of the Government Marie-Noelle THEMEREAU (since 10 June 2004)
cabinet: Consultative Committee consists of eight members chosen from leading figures on the island to advise the High Commissioner
elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the government elected by the members of the Territorial Congress for a five-year term (no term limits); note - last election held 29 June 2004 when Marie-Noelle THEMEREAU was elected on the third vote with 8 votes for and 3 abstentions (next to be held in 2009)
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Legislative branch:
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unicameral Territorial Congress or Congres du territoire (54 seats; members belong to the three Provincial Assemblies or Assemblees Provinciales elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 9 May 2004 (next to be held NA 2009)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPCR-UMP 16, AE 16, UNI-FLNKS 8, UC 7, FN 4, others 3
note: New Caledonia currently holds 1 seat in the French Senate; by 2010, New Caledonia will gain a second seat in the French Senate; elections last held 24 September 2001 (next to be held not later than September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 1; New Caledonia also elects 2 seats to the French National Assembly; elections last held 9 and 16 June 2002 (next to be held in June 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UMP 2
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Judicial branch:
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Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court
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Political parties and leaders:
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Alliance pour la Caledonie or APLC [Didier LE ROUX]; Caledonian Union or UC; Federation des Comites de Coordination des Independantistes or FCCI [Francois BURCK]; Front National or FN [Guy GEORGE]; Front Uni de Liberation Kanak or FULK [Ernest UNE]; Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS [leader NA] (includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM); Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE and Elie POIGOUNE]; Rally for Caledonia in the Republic (anti independent) or RPCR-UMP [Jacques LAFLEUR]; The Future Together or AE [Harold MARTIN]; Union Nationale pour l'Independance or UNI [Paul NEAOUTYINE]; note - may no longer exist, but Paul NEAOUTYINE has since become a president of Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA; Union Progressiste Melanesienne or UPM [Victor TUTUGORO]
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Political pressure groups and leaders:
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NA
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International organization participation:
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ITUC, PIF (observer), SPC, UPU, WFTU, WMO
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Diplomatic representation in the US:
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none (overseas territory of France)
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Diplomatic representation from the US:
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none (overseas territory of France)
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Flag description:
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the flag of France is used
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Economy - overview:
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New Caledonia has about 25% of the world's known nickel resources. Only a small amount of the land is suitable for cultivation, and food accounts for about 20% of imports. In addition to nickel, substantial financial support from France - equal to more than 15% of GDP - and tourism are keys to the health of the economy. Substantial new investment in the nickel industry, combined with the recovery of global nickel prices, brightens the economic outlook for the next several years.
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GDP (purchasing power parity):
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$3.158 billion (2003 est.)
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GDP (official exchange rate):
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$3.3 billion (2003 est.)
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GDP - real growth rate:
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NA%
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GDP - per capita (PPP):
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$15,000 (2003 est.)
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture: 15%
industry: 8.8%
services: 76.2% (2003)
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Labor force:
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78,990 (including 11,300 unemployed) (2004)
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Labor force - by occupation:
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agriculture: 20%
industry: 20%
services: 60% (2002)
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Unemployment rate:
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17.1% (2004)
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Population below poverty line:
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NA%
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Household income or consumption by percentage share:
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lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA%
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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1.4% (2000 est.)
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Budget:
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revenues: $996 million
expenditures: $1.072 billion (2001 est.)
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Agriculture - products:
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vegetables; beef, deer, other livestock products; fish
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Industries:
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nickel mining and smelting
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Industrial production growth rate:
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-0.6% (1996)
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Electricity - production:
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1.675 billion kWh (2004)
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Electricity - consumption:
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1.558 billion kWh (2004)
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Electricity - exports:
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0 kWh (2004)
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Electricity - imports:
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0 kWh (2004)
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Oil - production:
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0 bbl/day (2004 est.)
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Oil - consumption:
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10,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)
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Oil - exports:
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NA bbl/day
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Oil - imports:
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NA bbl/day
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Natural gas - production:
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0 cu m (2004 est.)
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Natural gas - consumption:
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0 cu m (2004 est.)
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Exports:
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$1.085 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)
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Exports - commodities:
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ferronickels, nickel ore, fish
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Exports - partners:
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Japan 21.1%, France 17.2%, Taiwan 11.3%, South Korea 10%, Spain 8.9%, China 7.2%, Belgium 4.5%, South Africa 4.4% (2005)
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Imports:
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$1.78 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)
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Imports - commodities:
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machinery and equipment, fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs
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Imports - partners:
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France 39.3%, Singapore 17.5%, Australia 13.1%, NZ 5.3% (2005)
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Debt - external:
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$79 million (1998 est.)
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$525 million annual subsidy from France (2004)
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Currency (code):
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Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF)
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Exchange rates:
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Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - 95.025 (2006), 95.89 (2005), 96.04 (2004), 105.66 (2003), 126.71 (2002)
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Fiscal year:
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calendar year
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Disputes - international:
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Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by France and Vanuatu
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This page was last updated on 15 March, 2007
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